Sources · Used across the app

References

Every claim about real history or research links here. Speculative and conceptual content is labeled as such instead of being sourced — that distinction is the point of this page existing.

  1. 1.Turing, A. — “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” (overview)

    Turing's 1950 paper posing the imitation game; the conceptual starting point of the timeline.

    Open source Used in: Timeline · Symbolic AI
  2. 2.Dartmouth workshop (1956) — overview

    The 1956 Dartmouth proposal that coined “artificial intelligence” as a field.

    Open source Used in: Timeline · Symbolic AI
  3. 3.Expert systems — overview (MYCIN, XCON)

    Rule-based expert systems of the 1970s–80s: encoded human expertise, brittle outside their rules.

    Open source Used in: Timeline · Expert systems
  4. 4.Machine learning — overview

    Statistical learning from data (1990s–2000s): spam filters, recommendations, hand-engineered features.

    Open source Used in: Timeline · Machine learning
  5. 5.AlexNet (2012) — overview

    Deep convolutional network that won ImageNet 2012 by a large margin; the deep-learning breakthrough moment.

    Open source Used in: Timeline · Deep learning
  6. 6.Vaswani et al. — “Attention Is All You Need” (2017)

    Introduces the Transformer architecture underlying modern large models.

    Open source Used in: Timeline · Transformers
  7. 7.Brown et al. — “Language Models are Few-Shot Learners” (GPT-3, 2020)

    Shows large language models performing tasks from a few examples — the generative-AI inflection.

    Open source Used in: Timeline · Generative AI
  8. 8.Yao et al. — “ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting” (2022)

    LLMs interleaving reasoning with tool use — a foundation pattern for agentic AI.

    Open source Used in: Timeline · Agentic AI
  9. 9.Radford et al. — “Learning Transferable Visual Models” (CLIP, 2021)

    Joint image–text learning at scale — the technique milestone behind multimodal models.

    Open source Used in: Timeline · Multimodal AI
  10. 10.Amodei et al. — “Concrete Problems in AI Safety” (2016)

    Early research agenda on avoiding side effects, reward hacking, and unsafe exploration — background for the safety section.

    Open source Used in: Safety & alignment
  11. 11.AI alignment — overview

    Survey of the alignment problem: specification gaming, interpretability, and governance directions.

    Open source Used in: Safety & alignment