Sources · Used across the app
References
Every claim about real history or research links here. Speculative and conceptual content is labeled as such instead of being sourced — that distinction is the point of this page existing.
1.Turing, A. — “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” (overview)
Turing's 1950 paper posing the imitation game; the conceptual starting point of the timeline.
Open source Used in: Timeline · Symbolic AI2.Dartmouth workshop (1956) — overview
The 1956 Dartmouth proposal that coined “artificial intelligence” as a field.
Open source Used in: Timeline · Symbolic AI3.Expert systems — overview (MYCIN, XCON)
Rule-based expert systems of the 1970s–80s: encoded human expertise, brittle outside their rules.
Open source Used in: Timeline · Expert systems4.Machine learning — overview
Statistical learning from data (1990s–2000s): spam filters, recommendations, hand-engineered features.
Open source Used in: Timeline · Machine learning5.AlexNet (2012) — overview
Deep convolutional network that won ImageNet 2012 by a large margin; the deep-learning breakthrough moment.
Open source Used in: Timeline · Deep learning6.Vaswani et al. — “Attention Is All You Need” (2017)
Introduces the Transformer architecture underlying modern large models.
Open source Used in: Timeline · Transformers7.Brown et al. — “Language Models are Few-Shot Learners” (GPT-3, 2020)
Shows large language models performing tasks from a few examples — the generative-AI inflection.
Open source Used in: Timeline · Generative AI8.Yao et al. — “ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting” (2022)
LLMs interleaving reasoning with tool use — a foundation pattern for agentic AI.
Open source Used in: Timeline · Agentic AI9.Radford et al. — “Learning Transferable Visual Models” (CLIP, 2021)
Joint image–text learning at scale — the technique milestone behind multimodal models.
Open source Used in: Timeline · Multimodal AI10.Amodei et al. — “Concrete Problems in AI Safety” (2016)
Early research agenda on avoiding side effects, reward hacking, and unsafe exploration — background for the safety section.
Open source Used in: Safety & alignment11.AI alignment — overview
Survey of the alignment problem: specification gaming, interpretability, and governance directions.
Open source Used in: Safety & alignment